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8.1.2       The receiver or consignee should return the CTU in the same state that it was delivered. This means that the CTU should be:

• Completely empty and clean. A clean CTU should be free of all cargo residues, plants, plant products, visible signs of pests pests, packing, lashing and securing materials marks, signs and placards associated with packing the CTU or the cargo, and any other debris removed. This includes fumigant materials or other noxious substances (see definitions in chapter 2 of this Code). Personal protective equipment should be provided for such work;
• Returned in a timely manner as agreed with the CTU operator. CTUs in the supply chain and associated road vehicles, if separate, are often scheduled for immediate reuse or positioning. CTU operators may charge demurrage if the CTU is not returned as soon as practically possible after unpacking.

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8.2.1       If additional cleaning beyond a thorough sweep of the CTU is required the consignees should consider the following techniques:

• Washing – - wash the interior of the CTU using a low pressure hose and a scrubbing brush (if required). To remove contamination a suitable additive or detergent can be used;
• Power washing – - internal faces using a medium pressure washing device;
• Scraping – - areas of contamination can be removed by light scrapping. Care should be taken not to damage the paint work, or flooring.

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8.3.4       Timber dunnage, blocks and braces should be checked for the appropriate IPPC mark (see annex 7, section 1.14). Other timber should be disposed of by incineration.

8.3.5       Liner bags and flexitanks are  are often removed by the supplier; however all will be contaminated and should be disposed of at an appropriate facility.

8.3.6       Plants, plant products, visible pests, animals and other invasive alien species should be disposed of as described in annex 6.

8.4          Damages

8.4.1       The various types of CTU suffer differing degrees of damage en route. Rail wagons probably do not suffer much handling damage and are only likely to be damaged by poorly secured cargoes. Road vehicles, especially articulated trailers, do suffer from turning and reversing damage as the vehicle is manoeuvred. Freight containers and  and swap bodies will suffer from the same manoeuvring damage, but may also suffer from impact damage between other freight containers and swap bodies and handling equipment.

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