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n = | number of battens |
w = | thickness of battens [cm] |
h = | height of battens [cm] |
L = | free length of battens [m] |
Figure 7.57 Transverse battens in an freight container | |
Example: A fence of six battens has been arranged. The battens have a free length L = 2.2 m and the cross section w = 5 cm, h = 10 cm. The total attainable resistance force is:
This force of 24 kN would be sufficient to restrain a cargo mass (m) of 7.5 t, subjected to accelerations in sea area C with 0.4 g longitudinally (cx) and 0.8 g vertically (cz). The container is stowed longitudinally. With a friction factor between cargo and container floor of µ = 0.4 the following balance calculation shows: cx · m · g < µ · m · (1-cz) · g + F [kN] 0.4 · 7.5 · 9.81 < 0.4 · 7.5 · 0.2 · 9.81 + 24 [kN] 29 < 6 + 24 [kN] 29 < 30 [kN] |
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Bedding arrangements for concentrated loads in general purpose freight containers and on flatracks should be designed in consultation with the CTU operator.
3 Longitudinal position of the centre of gravity of cargo
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d = | distance of common centre of gravity of the cargo from the front of stowage area [m] |
mn = | |
dn = | distance of centre of gravity of mass mn from front of stowage area [m] |
Figure 7.58 Determination of longitudinal centre of gravity | |
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Sliding: | Tipping: | |
FCARGO = m · g · (cx,y – - µ · 0.75 · cz) [kN] | FCARGO = m · g · (cx,y – - bp/hp · cz) [kN] | |
FCARGO = | force on the dunnage bag caused by the cargo [t] | |
m = | mass of cargo [t] | |
cx,y = | Horizontal acceleration, expressed in g, that acts on the cargosideways or in forward or backward directions | |
cz = | Vertical acceleration that acts on the cargo, expressed in g | |
µ = | Friction factor for the contact area between the cargo and the surface or between different packages | |
bp = | Package width for tipping sideways, or alternatively the length of the cargo for tipping forward or backward | |
hp = | package height [m] | |
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